Antinous - Revision history

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	[[File:Nicolaus Mosman and Niccolò Mogalli - Engraving after an ancient Roman marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons. From Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated by Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 1767.png\|264px\|right\|thumb\|Engraving after a marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons, located at the Villa Albani in Rome, Italy. From ''Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated'' (''Monumenti antichi inediti, spiegati ed illustrati'', 1767) by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768).]]		[[File:Nicolaus Mosman and Niccolò Mogalli - Engraving after an ancient Roman marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons. From Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated by Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 1767.png\|264px\|right\|thumb\|Engraving after an ancient Roman marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons, located at the Villa Albani in Rome, Italy. From ''Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated'' (''Monumenti antichi inediti, spiegati ed illustrati'', 1767) by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768).]]

	'''Antinous''' (also ''Antinoüs'', Latin: ''Antinous'') or '''Antinoös''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίνοος, romanized: ''Antínoös''; 27 November, c. 111 AD – before 30 October 130 AD) was a Bithynian [[Ancient Greece\|Greek]] youth and a favourite beloved of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]]. After his premature death before his twentieth birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (''theos'') and sometimes merely as a hero (ἥρως, ''hḗrōs'').<ref>Renberg, Gil H.: ''Hadrian and the Oracles of Antinous (SHA, ''Hadr.'' 14.7); with an appendix on the so-called ''Antinoeion'' at Hadrian's Villa and Rome's Monte Pincio Obelisk'', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 55 (2010) [2011], 159–198; Jones, Christopher P., ''New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2010), 75–83; Bendlin, Andreas: ''Associations, Funerals, Sociality, and Roman Law: The collegium of Diana and Antinous in Lanuvium (CIL 14.2112) Reconsidered,'' in M. Öhler (ed.), Aposteldekret und antikes Vereinswesen: Gemeinschaft und ihre Ordnung (WUNT 280; Tübingen, 2011), 207–296.</ref>		'''Antinous''' (also ''Antinoüs'', Latin: ''Antinous'') or '''Antinoös''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίνοος, romanized: ''Antínoös''; 27 November, c. 111 AD – before 30 October 130 AD) was a Bithynian [[Ancient Greece\|Greek]] youth and a favourite beloved of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]]. After his premature death before his twentieth birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (''theos'') and sometimes merely as a hero (ἥρως, ''hḗrōs'').<ref>Renberg, Gil H.: ''Hadrian and the Oracles of Antinous (SHA, ''Hadr.'' 14.7); with an appendix on the so-called ''Antinoeion'' at Hadrian's Villa and Rome's Monte Pincio Obelisk'', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 55 (2010) [2011], 159–198; Jones, Christopher P., ''New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2010), 75–83; Bendlin, Andreas: ''Associations, Funerals, Sociality, and Roman Law: The collegium of Diana and Antinous in Lanuvium (CIL 14.2112) Reconsidered,'' in M. Öhler (ed.), Aposteldekret und antikes Vereinswesen: Gemeinschaft und ihre Ordnung (WUNT 280; Tübingen, 2011), 207–296.</ref>

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	[[File:Nicolaus Mosman and Niccolò Mogalli - Engraving after an ancient Roman marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons. From Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated by Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 1767.png\|264px\|right\|thumb\|Engraving after a marble bas-relief of ~~the Bithynian Greek youth~~ Antinous~~, beloved of the Roman emperor Hadrian,~~ as Vertumnus, the god of seasons, located at the Villa Albani in Rome, Italy. From ''Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated'' (''Monumenti antichi inediti, spiegati ed illustrati, 1767'') by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768).]]		[[File:Nicolaus Mosman and Niccolò Mogalli - Engraving after an ancient Roman marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons. From Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated by Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 1767.png\|264px\|right\|thumb\|Engraving after a marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons, located at the Villa Albani in Rome, Italy. From ''Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated'' (''Monumenti antichi inediti, spiegati ed illustrati'', 1767) by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768).]]

	'''Antinous''' (also ''Antinoüs'', Latin: ''Antinous'') or '''Antinoös''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίνοος, romanized: ''Antínoös''; 27 November, c. 111 AD – before 30 October 130 AD) was a Bithynian [[Ancient Greece\|Greek]] youth and a favourite beloved of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]]. After his premature death before his twentieth birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (''theos'') and sometimes merely as a hero (ἥρως, ''hḗrōs'').<ref>Renberg, Gil H.: ''Hadrian and the Oracles of Antinous (SHA, ''Hadr.'' 14.7); with an appendix on the so-called ''Antinoeion'' at Hadrian's Villa and Rome's Monte Pincio Obelisk'', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 55 (2010) [2011], 159–198; Jones, Christopher P., ''New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2010), 75–83; Bendlin, Andreas: ''Associations, Funerals, Sociality, and Roman Law: The collegium of Diana and Antinous in Lanuvium (CIL 14.2112) Reconsidered,'' in M. Öhler (ed.), Aposteldekret und antikes Vereinswesen: Gemeinschaft und ihre Ordnung (WUNT 280; Tübingen, 2011), 207–296.</ref>		'''Antinous''' (also ''Antinoüs'', Latin: ''Antinous'') or '''Antinoös''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίνοος, romanized: ''Antínoös''; 27 November, c. 111 AD – before 30 October 130 AD) was a Bithynian [[Ancient Greece\|Greek]] youth and a favourite beloved of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]]. After his premature death before his twentieth birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (''theos'') and sometimes merely as a hero (ἥρως, ''hḗrōs'').<ref>Renberg, Gil H.: ''Hadrian and the Oracles of Antinous (SHA, ''Hadr.'' 14.7); with an appendix on the so-called ''Antinoeion'' at Hadrian's Villa and Rome's Monte Pincio Obelisk'', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 55 (2010) [2011], 159–198; Jones, Christopher P., ''New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2010), 75–83; Bendlin, Andreas: ''Associations, Funerals, Sociality, and Roman Law: The collegium of Diana and Antinous in Lanuvium (CIL 14.2112) Reconsidered,'' in M. Öhler (ed.), Aposteldekret und antikes Vereinswesen: Gemeinschaft und ihre Ordnung (WUNT 280; Tübingen, 2011), 207–296.</ref>

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	[[File:~~After Otto Knille~~ - ~~Hadrian and~~ Antinous in the ~~Palace at Lochias in Alexandria~~.~~jpg~~\|264px\|thumb\|~~<i>~~Hadrian ~~and Antinous in~~ the ~~Palace~~ at ~~Lochias~~ in ~~Alexandria</i>~~. ~~Engraving after a painting~~ by ~~Otto Knille~~ (~~1832–1898~~).]]		[[File:Nicolaus Mosman and Niccolò Mogalli - Engraving after an ancient Roman marble bas-relief of Antinous as Vertumnus, the god of seasons. From Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated by Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 1767.png\|264px\|right\|thumb\|Engraving after a marble bas-relief of the Bithynian Greek youth Antinous, beloved of the Roman emperor Hadrian, as Vertumnus, the god of seasons, located at the Villa Albani in Rome, Italy. From ''Unpublished Ancient Monuments, Explained and Illustrated'' (''Monumenti antichi inediti, spiegati ed illustrati, 1767'') by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768).]]

	'''Antinous''' (also ''Antinoüs'', Latin: ''Antinous'') or '''Antinoös''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίνοος, romanized: ''Antínoös''; 27 November, c. 111 AD – before 30 October 130 AD) was a Bithynian [[Ancient Greece\|Greek]] youth and a favourite beloved of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]]. After his premature death before his twentieth birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (''theos'') and sometimes merely as a hero (ἥρως, ''hḗrōs'').<ref>Renberg, Gil H.: ''Hadrian and the Oracles of Antinous (SHA, ''Hadr.'' 14.7); with an appendix on the so-called ''Antinoeion'' at Hadrian's Villa and Rome's Monte Pincio Obelisk'', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 55 (2010) [2011], 159–198; Jones, Christopher P., ''New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2010), 75–83; Bendlin, Andreas: ''Associations, Funerals, Sociality, and Roman Law: The collegium of Diana and Antinous in Lanuvium (CIL 14.2112) Reconsidered,'' in M. Öhler (ed.), Aposteldekret und antikes Vereinswesen: Gemeinschaft und ihre Ordnung (WUNT 280; Tübingen, 2011), 207–296.</ref>		'''Antinous''' (also ''Antinoüs'', Latin: ''Antinous'') or '''Antinoös''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίνοος, romanized: ''Antínoös''; 27 November, c. 111 AD – before 30 October 130 AD) was a Bithynian [[Ancient Greece\|Greek]] youth and a favourite beloved of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]]. After his premature death before his twentieth birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (''theos'') and sometimes merely as a hero (ἥρως, ''hḗrōs'').<ref>Renberg, Gil H.: ''Hadrian and the Oracles of Antinous (SHA, ''Hadr.'' 14.7); with an appendix on the so-called ''Antinoeion'' at Hadrian's Villa and Rome's Monte Pincio Obelisk'', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 55 (2010) [2011], 159–198; Jones, Christopher P., ''New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2010), 75–83; Bendlin, Andreas: ''Associations, Funerals, Sociality, and Roman Law: The collegium of Diana and Antinous in Lanuvium (CIL 14.2112) Reconsidered,'' in M. Öhler (ed.), Aposteldekret und antikes Vereinswesen: Gemeinschaft und ihre Ordnung (WUNT 280; Tübingen, 2011), 207–296.</ref>
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	Following his death, Hadrian deified Antinous and founded an organised cult devoted to his worship that spread throughout the Empire. Hadrian founded the city of Antinoöpolis close to Antinous's place of death, which became a cultic centre for the worship of Osiris-Antinous. Hadrian also founded games in commemoration of Antinous to take place in both Antinoöpolis and Athens, with Antinous becoming a symbol of Hadrian's dreams of pan-Hellenism. The worship of Antinous proved to be one of the most enduring and popular of cults of deified humans in the Roman empire, and events continued to be founded in his honor long after Hadrian's death.<ref name=ahb>{{cite journal\|url=https://ancienthistorybulletin.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/AHBReviews201119.GoldenOnVout.pdf\|title=Mark Golden on Caroline Vout, Power and Eroticism\|author=Mark Golden\|journal=The Ancient History Bulletin Online Reviews\|volume=1\|year=2011\|pages=64–66}}</ref>		Following his death, Hadrian deified Antinous and founded an organised cult devoted to his worship that spread throughout the Empire. Hadrian founded the city of Antinoöpolis close to Antinous's place of death, which became a cultic centre for the worship of Osiris-Antinous. Hadrian also founded games in commemoration of Antinous to take place in both Antinoöpolis and Athens, with Antinous becoming a symbol of Hadrian's dreams of pan-Hellenism. The worship of Antinous proved to be one of the most enduring and popular of cults of deified humans in the Roman empire, and events continued to be founded in his honor long after Hadrian's death.<ref name=ahb>{{cite journal\|url=https://ancienthistorybulletin.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/AHBReviews201119.GoldenOnVout.pdf\|title=Mark Golden on Caroline Vout, Power and Eroticism\|author=Mark Golden\|journal=The Ancient History Bulletin Online Reviews\|volume=1\|year=2011\|pages=64–66}}</ref>

	Antinous became associated with homosexuality in Western culture, appearing in the work of [[Oscar Wilde]] and Fernando Pessoa.		Antinous became associated with [[homosexuality]] in Western culture, appearing in the work of [[Oscar Wilde]] and Fernando Pessoa.


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	==See also==		==See also==
			*[[Catamite]]
	*[[Historical boylove relationships in ancient Rome]]		*[[Historical boylove relationships in ancient Rome]]
	*[[Historical boylove relationships in ancient Greece]]		*[[Historical boylove relationships in ancient Greece]]

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[[File:After Otto Knille - Hadrian and Antinous in the Palace at Lochias in Alexandria.jpg|264px|thumb|<i>Hadrian and Antinous in the Palace at Lochias in Alexandria</i>. Engraving after a painting by Otto Knille (1832–1898).]]

'''Antinous''' (also ''Antinoüs'', Latin: ''Antinous'') or '''Antinoös''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίνοος, romanized: ''Antínoös''; 27 November, c. 111 AD – before 30 October 130 AD) was a Bithynian [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] youth and a favourite beloved of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]]. After his premature death before his twentieth birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (''theos'') and sometimes merely as a hero (ἥρως, ''hḗrōs'').<ref>Renberg, Gil H.: ''Hadrian and the Oracles of Antinous (SHA, ''Hadr.'' 14.7); with an appendix on the so-called ''Antinoeion'' at Hadrian's Villa and Rome's Monte Pincio Obelisk'', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 55 (2010) [2011], 159–198; Jones, Christopher P., ''New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2010), 75–83; Bendlin, Andreas: ''Associations, Funerals, Sociality, and Roman Law: The collegium of Diana and Antinous in Lanuvium (CIL 14.2112) Reconsidered,'' in M. Öhler (ed.), Aposteldekret und antikes Vereinswesen: Gemeinschaft und ihre Ordnung (WUNT 280; Tübingen, 2011), 207–296.</ref>

Little is known of Antinous's life, although it is known that he was born in Claudiopolis (present day Bolu, Turkey), in the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] province of Bithynia et Pontus. He was probably introduced to Hadrian in 123 AD (aged around 12), before being taken to Italy for a higher education. He had become the favourite of Hadrian by 128 AD (aged around 17), when he was taken on a tour of the Roman Empire as part of Hadrian's personal retinue. Antinous accompanied Hadrian during his attendance of the annual Eleusinian Mysteries in Athens, and was with him when he killed the Marousian lion in Libya. In October 130 AD (aged around 19), as they were part of a flotilla going along the Nile, Antinous died amid mysterious circumstances. Various suggestions have been put forward for how he died, ranging from an accidental drowning to an intentional human sacrifice or suicide.

Following his death, Hadrian deified Antinous and founded an organised cult devoted to his worship that spread throughout the Empire. Hadrian founded the city of Antinoöpolis close to Antinous's place of death, which became a cultic centre for the worship of Osiris-Antinous. Hadrian also founded games in commemoration of Antinous to take place in both Antinoöpolis and Athens, with Antinous becoming a symbol of Hadrian's dreams of pan-Hellenism. The worship of Antinous proved to be one of the most enduring and popular of cults of deified humans in the Roman empire, and events continued to be founded in his honor long after Hadrian's death.<ref name=ahb>{{cite journal|url=https://ancienthistorybulletin.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/AHBReviews201119.GoldenOnVout.pdf|title=Mark Golden on Caroline Vout, Power and Eroticism|author=Mark Golden|journal=The Ancient History Bulletin Online Reviews|volume=1|year=2011|pages=64–66}}</ref>

Antinous became associated with homosexuality in Western culture, appearing in the work of [[Oscar Wilde]] and Fernando Pessoa.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Historical boylove relationships in ancient Rome]]
*[[Historical boylove relationships in ancient Greece]]
*[[Pederasty in ancient Greece]]

{{Navbox Ancient Rome|collapsed}}

[[Category:Ancient Rome]]