Nenja - Revision history

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2021-09-25T02:06:31Z

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	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道, "the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] nobility, and later adopted by some individuals of the ~~rich~~ merchant class.		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道, "the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] nobility, and later adopted by some individuals of the wealthy merchant class.<ref>Gary P. Leupp, ''Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), pp. 56–57 and 61.</ref>

	The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>		The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>

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2021-08-31T22:25:30Z

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	[[File:~~Nishikawa Sukenobu~~ - ~~Man and boy kiss in front of a mirror (left panel). Part of a double~~-~~page Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century~~.jpg\|~~300px\|thumb~~\|right\|~~Boy plucking out the facial hair of man with~~ a ~~pair of tweezers is kissed by him in front of~~ a ~~mirror~~ (~~left panel~~). ~~Part of a double~~-~~page Japanese woodblock~~-~~printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu~~, ~~from ''Nanshoku Dew~~ on ~~a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin~~.]]		[[File:Miyagawa Isshô-Spring Pastimes-A.jpg\|284px\|right\|<i>Nanshoku</i>-type tryst between a samurai and a boyfriend. Panel from <i>Spring Pastimes</i> (ca. 1750), a series of ten homoerotic scenes by Miyagawa Isshō. <i>Shunga</i>-style painted hand scroll (<i>kakemono-e</i>); <i>sumi</i>, color and <i>gofun</i> on silk. Private collection.]]

	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道, "the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.
			'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道, "the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] nobility, and later adopted by some individuals of the rich merchant class.

	The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>		The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>

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	[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Man and boy kiss in front of a mirror (left panel). Part of a double-page Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Boy plucking out the facial hair of man with a pair of tweezers is kissed by him in front of a mirror (left panel). Part of a double-page Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]		[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Man and boy kiss in front of a mirror (left panel). Part of a double-page Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Boy plucking out the facial hair of man with a pair of tweezers is kissed by him in front of a mirror (left panel). Part of a double-page Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]

	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道, "the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.

	The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>		The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>

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	[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - ~~Male couple lying down together~~. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.~~png~~\|300px\|thumb\|right\|~~Male couple: A ''nenja'' and~~ a ~~''wakashū'' lying down together~~. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]		[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Man and boy kiss in front of a mirror (left panel). Part of a double-page Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Boy plucking out the facial hair of man with a pair of tweezers is kissed by him in front of a mirror (left panel). Part of a double-page Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]

	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.

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	[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Male couple lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.png\|~~284px~~\|thumb\|right\|Male couple: A ''nenja'' and a ''wakashū'' lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]		[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Male couple lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Male couple: A ''nenja'' and a ''wakashū'' lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]

	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.

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	[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Male couple lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.png\|284px\|thumb\|right\|Male couple: A ''nenja'' and a ''wakashū'' lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]		[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Male couple lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.png\|284px\|thumb\|right\|Male couple: A ''nenja'' and a ''wakashū'' lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]

	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love"), which was customary among members of the Buddhist clergy and of the [[samurai]] class.

	The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>		The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>

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	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").

	The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although ~~there~~ was in principle ~~an expectation~~ that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>		The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although it was expected in principle that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>

	==References==		==References==

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	[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Male couple lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.png\|~~264px~~\|thumb\|right\|Male couple: A ''nenja'' and a ''wakashū'' lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]		[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Male couple lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.png\|284px\|thumb\|right\|Male couple: A ''nenja'' and a ''wakashū'' lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]

	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").

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	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").

	The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although there was in principle an expectation that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, ~~2007~~), p. 36.</ref>		The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although there was in principle an expectation that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), p. 36.</ref>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

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			[[File:Nishikawa Sukenobu - Male couple lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration from Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu by Nankai no Sanjin, early 18th century.png\|264px\|thumb\|right\|Male couple: A ''nenja'' and a ''wakashū'' lying down together. Japanese woodblock-printed illustration by Nishikawa Sukenobu, from ''Nanshoku Dew on a Mountain Path'' (男色山路露 ''Nanshoku Yamaji no Tsuyu'', Early 18th Century) by Nankai no Sanjin.]]

	'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").		'''Nenja''' (念者, "lover" or "admirer"), in premodern [[Japan]], was a term applied to the older and sexually active male partner involved in a [[Homoerotic (dictionary)\|homoerotic]] relationship with a ''[[wakashū]]'' (若衆, "youth"), a sexually passive [[Adolescence\|adolescent]] boy, in the context of the historical practice of ''[[shudō]]'' (衆道,"the way of youths"), also known as ''[[nanshoku]]'' (男色, "male love").

	The sense of the word can be rendered as ~~the~~ "person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although there was in principle an expectation that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), p. 36.</ref>		The sense of the word can be rendered as "a person who thinks of a particular youth", the character ''nen'' (念) being of difficult translation, as its meaning falls somewhere between rational "thinking" and emotive "feeling". Unlike the term ''wakashū'', its counterpart ''nenja'' had no age signifier, although there was in principle an expectation that the lover would be older than his beloved.<ref>Gregory M. Pflugfelder, ''Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), p. 36.</ref>
	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	==See also==		==See also==
			*[[Chigo]]
			*[[Chigo monogatari]]
	*[[Historical boylove relationships in Japan]]		*[[Historical boylove relationships in Japan]]
	*[[The Great Mirror of Male Love (book)]]		*[[The Great Mirror of Male Love (book)]]