Wakashū - Revision history

Dandelion: Made a pair of changes to the wikicode

2021-08-18T10:35:31Z

Made a pair of changes to the wikicode

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 18 August 2021
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	[[File:Suzuki Harunobu - A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji.png\|thumb\|right\|~~<i>~~A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji~~</i>~~ (ca. 1650). Japanese woodblock print by Suzuki Harunobu.]]		[[File:Suzuki Harunobu - A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji.png\|thumb\|right\|''A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji'' (ca. 1650). Japanese woodblock print by Suzuki Harunobu.]]

	'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.		'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.

Dandelion: Modified the caption of an image

2019-06-10T14:18:30Z

Modified the caption of an image

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:18, 10 June 2019
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	[[File:Suzuki Harunobu - A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji.png\|thumb\|right\|<i>A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji</i> (~~circa~~ 1650). Japanese woodblock print by Suzuki Harunobu.]]		[[File:Suzuki Harunobu - A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji.png\|thumb\|right\|<i>A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji</i> (ca. 1650). Japanese woodblock print by Suzuki Harunobu.]]

	'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.		'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.

Dandelion: Added a word to the caption of an image

2019-06-10T14:06:07Z

Added a word to the caption of an image

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 10 June 2019
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	[[File:Suzuki Harunobu - A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji.png\|thumb\|right\|<i>A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji</i> (circa 1650). ~~Woodblock~~ print by Suzuki Harunobu.]]		[[File:Suzuki Harunobu - A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji.png\|thumb\|right\|<i>A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji</i> (circa 1650). Japanese woodblock print by Suzuki Harunobu.]]

	'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.		'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.

Dandelion: Replaced an image and removed a blank line

2019-02-11T14:28:27Z

Replaced an image and removed a blank line

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:28, 11 February 2019
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	[[File:~~432px~~-~~Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA~~.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|~~alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu~~ of ~~kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s~~.\|Woodblock print by ~~Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle~~.]]		[[File:Suzuki Harunobu - A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji.png\|thumb\|right\|<i>A Wakashū Looking at a Painting of Mount Fuji</i> (circa 1650). Woodblock print by Suzuki Harunobu.]]

	'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.		'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.

	The concept of ''wakashū'' contained several partially overlapping elements: an age category between childhood and adulthood; the social role of a pre-adult or adolescent boy, usually conceived of as a subordinate (student, apprentice or protégé); and the idea of the "beautiful youth", a suitable target for homosexual desire and the subject of ''[[Homosexuality in Japan#Ancient Japan\|wakashūdo]]'', "the way of youths". As boys were considered eligible for homosexual liaisons only when they were ''wakashū'', their patrons occasionally delayed their coming of age ceremony beyond socially acceptable limits, leading to legal efforts in 1685 to require all ''wakashū'' to undergo their coming of age ceremony by age 25.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=34, note 24\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref>		The concept of ''wakashū'' contained several partially overlapping elements: an age category between childhood and adulthood; the social role of a pre-adult or adolescent boy, usually conceived of as a subordinate (student, apprentice or protégé); and the idea of the "beautiful youth", a suitable target for homosexual desire and the subject of ''[[Homosexuality in Japan#Ancient Japan\|wakashūdo]]'', "the way of youths". As boys were considered eligible for homosexual liaisons only when they were ''wakashū'', their patrons occasionally delayed their coming of age ceremony beyond socially acceptable limits, leading to legal efforts in 1685 to require all ''wakashū'' to undergo their coming of age ceremony by age 25.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=34, note 24\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref>


	In the [[Meiji era]], the term became obsolete; the first meanings were replaced by the new term ''[[shōnen]]'', and the last by the related construction ''[[bishōnen]]'' ("beautiful boy").<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=221–234\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref>		In the [[Meiji era]], the term became obsolete; the first meanings were replaced by the new term ''[[shōnen]]'', and the last by the related construction ''[[bishōnen]]'' ("beautiful boy").<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=221–234\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref>

Etenne at 15:22, 2 July 2015

2015-07-02T15:22:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 2 July 2015
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	[[File:432px-Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]		[[File:432px-Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]

	'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.		'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.
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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Wakashu}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Wakashu}}

	~~[[Category:Shudo]]~~
	[[Category:Japan]]		[[Category:Japan]]

Etenne at 15:20, 2 July 2015

2015-07-02T15:20:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 2 July 2015
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	~~{{Draft}}~~
	[[File:432px-Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]		[[File:432px-Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]

Etenne at 15:19, 2 July 2015

2015-07-02T15:19:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 2 July 2015
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	{{Draft}}		{{Draft}}
	[[~~Image~~:Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]		[[File:432px-Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]

	'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.		'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language\|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=33\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=125\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.
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	The concept of ''wakashū'' contained several partially overlapping elements: an age category between childhood and adulthood; the social role of a pre-adult or adolescent boy, usually conceived of as a subordinate (student, apprentice or protégé); and the idea of the "beautiful youth", a suitable target for homosexual desire and the subject of ''[[Homosexuality in Japan#Ancient Japan\|wakashūdo]]'', "the way of youths". As boys were considered eligible for homosexual liaisons only when they were ''wakashū'', their patrons occasionally delayed their coming of age ceremony beyond socially acceptable limits, leading to legal efforts in 1685 to require all ''wakashū'' to undergo their coming of age ceremony by age 25.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=34, note 24\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref>		The concept of ''wakashū'' contained several partially overlapping elements: an age category between childhood and adulthood; the social role of a pre-adult or adolescent boy, usually conceived of as a subordinate (student, apprentice or protégé); and the idea of the "beautiful youth", a suitable target for homosexual desire and the subject of ''[[Homosexuality in Japan#Ancient Japan\|wakashūdo]]'', "the way of youths". As boys were considered eligible for homosexual liaisons only when they were ''wakashū'', their patrons occasionally delayed their coming of age ceremony beyond socially acceptable limits, leading to legal efforts in 1685 to require all ''wakashū'' to undergo their coming of age ceremony by age 25.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Leupp\|first=Gary P.\|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1997\|pages=34, note 24\|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref>

	[[File:Kannazuki, Harunobu Suzuki, c. 1770.jpg\|thumb\|alt="Kannazuki" (tenth month of the traditional Japanese calendar), polychrome woodblock print. Original woodblock by Harunobu Suzuki c. 1770, later printing. One of a pair (with "Risshun") showing a young couple in autumn and spring, respectively.\|A wakashū (seated) and his female companion in elegant autumn surroundings. Note furisode sleeves worn by both. Suzuki Harunobu, polychrome woodblock print, c. 1770]]

	In the [[Meiji era]], the term became obsolete; the first meanings were replaced by the new term ''[[shōnen]]'', and the last by the related construction ''[[bishōnen]]'' ("beautiful boy").<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=221–234\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref>		In the [[Meiji era]], the term became obsolete; the first meanings were replaced by the new term ''[[shōnen]]'', and the last by the related construction ''[[bishōnen]]'' ("beautiful boy").<ref>{{cite book\|last=Pflugfelder\|first=Gregory M.\|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=1999\|pages=221–234\|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref>

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References

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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>
			{{Navbox Japan\|collapsed}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Wakashu}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Wakashu}}

	[[Category:Shudo]]		[[Category:Shudo]]
	[[Category:Japan]]		[[Category:Japan]]

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			{{Draft}}
	[[Image:Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]		[[Image:Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.\|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]

Etenne: Created page with "Image:Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg|thumb|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa T..."

2015-05-31T17:01:43Z

Created page with "Image:Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg|thumb|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa T..."

New page

[[Image:Actors Nakamura Shichisaburô II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, Toyonobu, 1740s, signed Meijôdô Ishikawa Shûha Toyonobu zu, MFA.jpg|thumb|alt=Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu of kabuki actors Nakamura Shichisaburō II and Sanogawa Ichimatsu, signed 'Meijōdō Ishikawa Shūha Toyonobu zu', 1740s.|Woodblock print by Ishikawa Toyonobu, c. 1740, showing two actors portraying a wakashū (left) and an adult man (right). Note the difference in hairstyle.]]

'''Wakashū''' ([[Japanese language|Japanese]]:若衆, literally "young person", although never used for girls), is a historical Japanese term indicating an adolescent boy; more specifically, a boy between the ages at which his head was partially shaven (''maegami'') (about 5–10 years of age), at which point a boy exited early childhood and could begin formal education, [[apprenticeship]], or employment outside the home, and the ''[[genpuku]]'' coming of age ceremony (mid teens through early 20s), which marked the transition to adulthood.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pflugfelder|first=Gregory M.|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950|publisher=University of California Press|year=1999|pages=33|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Leupp|first=Gary P.|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan|publisher=University of California Press|year=1997|pages=125|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> During this period, the ''wakashū'' wore a distinctive hairstyle, with a small shaved portion at the crown of the head and long forelocks at front and sides, and typically wore [[kimono]] with open sleeves (''wakiake''); boys from wealthier families could wear ''[[furisode]]''. After the coming of age ceremony, the forelocks would be shaved off, giving the adult male hairstyle (''[[chonmage]]''), and the boy would assume the adult male style of kimono with rounded sleeves. Although any given person would be clearly classified as a child, ''wakashū'' or adult, the timing of both boundaries of the ''wakashū'' period were relatively flexible, giving families and patrons the ability to accommodate the development and circumstances of the individual boy.

The concept of ''wakashū'' contained several partially overlapping elements: an age category between childhood and adulthood; the social role of a pre-adult or adolescent boy, usually conceived of as a subordinate (student, apprentice or protégé); and the idea of the "beautiful youth", a suitable target for homosexual desire and the subject of ''[[Homosexuality in Japan#Ancient Japan|wakashūdo]]'', "the way of youths". As boys were considered eligible for homosexual liaisons only when they were ''wakashū'', their patrons occasionally delayed their coming of age ceremony beyond socially acceptable limits, leading to legal efforts in 1685 to require all ''wakashū'' to undergo their coming of age ceremony by age 25.<ref>{{cite book|last=Leupp|first=Gary P.|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan|publisher=University of California Press|year=1997|pages=34, note 24|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref>

[[File:Kannazuki, Harunobu Suzuki, c. 1770.jpg|thumb|alt="Kannazuki" (tenth month of the traditional Japanese calendar), polychrome woodblock print. Original woodblock by Harunobu Suzuki c. 1770, later printing. One of a pair (with "Risshun") showing a young couple in autumn and spring, respectively.|A wakashū (seated) and his female companion in elegant autumn surroundings. Note furisode sleeves worn by both. Suzuki Harunobu, polychrome woodblock print, c. 1770]]

In the [[Meiji era]], the term became obsolete; the first meanings were replaced by the new term ''[[shōnen]]'', and the last by the related construction ''[[bishōnen]]'' ("beautiful boy").<ref>{{cite book|last=Pflugfelder|first=Gregory M.|title=Cartographies of desire: male-male sexuality in Japanese discourse, 1600-1950|publisher=University of California Press|year=1999|pages=221–234|isbn=0-520-20909-5}}</ref>

In [[kabuki]] theatre ''wakashū'' (or ''wakashū-gata'') referred to actors specializing in adolescent male roles (and who were usually ''wakashū'' themselves).<ref>{{cite book|last=Leupp|first=Gary P.|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan|publisher=University of California Press|year=1997|page=90|isbn=0-520-20900-1}}</ref> ''Wakashū'' often also performed as ''[[onnagata]]'' ("woman-role"; female impersonators).

==See also==
* [[Shōnen]]
* [[Bishōnen]]
* [[Shudō]]
* [[Homosexuality in Japan#Ancient Japan]]

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wakashu}}

[[Category:Shudo]]
[[Category:Japan]]