Incest: Difference between revisions

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'''Incest''' consists of sexual relations between closely-related blood relatives. While the boundaries of incest vary from one culture/jurisdiction to another (first cousins? third cousins? "kissing cousins"?), the core forms of incest are agreed on universally: sex between parent and child, or between siblings.
'''Incest''' is any sexual activity between close relatives (often within the immediate family), irrespective of the ages of the participants and their consent, that is illegal, socially taboo or contrary to a religious norm. The type of sexual activity and the nature of the relationship between people that constitutes a breach of law or social taboo vary with culture and jurisdiction. Some societies consider it to include only those who live in the same household, or who belong to the same clan or lineage; other societies consider it to include "blood relatives"; other societies further include those related by adoption or marriage.<ref><i>Elementary Structures Of Kinship</i>, by Claude Lévi-Strauss. (tr.1971).</ref> Prevalence is difficult to generalize, but research has estimated 10-15% of the general population as having at least one incest experience, with less than 2% involving intercourse or attempted intercourse.<ref>Nemeroff, Charles B.; Craighead, W. Edward (2001). <i>The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science </i>. New York: Wiley.</ref>


It is sometimes believed that incest is and has always been abhorred everywhere and illegal in any culture developed enough to have laws. This is far from the case. In ancient [[Egypt]], for example, sibling marriage of and reproduction by rulers was normal and institutionalized.<ref>Rosella Lorenzi, "Mummies' Height Reveals Incest", ''Discovery News'', 11 May 2015, http://news.discovery.com/history/ancient-egypt/mummies-height-reveals-incest-150511.htm.</ref><ref>Ellie Zolfagharifard, "Egyptian Pharoahs kept it in the family: Scientists find proof of incest in lack of difference in the height of royal mummies", ''Daily Mail'', 13 May 2015, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3080673/Pharaohs-didn-t-stray-far-sex-Scientists-proof-incest-differences-height-royal-mummies.html.</ref> The [[Sambia]], in their intergenerational all-male cocksucking and "semen transfer", did not exclude father-son incest. The preceding should be checked because I'm not sure it's correct. Look up Sambia at worldcat dot org.
Most societies have prohibitions against incest.<ref>Brown, Donald E., <i>Human Universals</i>. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991, p. 118-29.</ref><ref>Turner, Jeffrey S. (1996). <i>Encyclopedia of Relationships Across the Lifespan</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. p92.</ref> The incest taboo is and has been one of the most common of all cultural taboos, both in current nations and many past societies,<ref><i>Incest: The Nature and Origin of the Taboo</i>, by Emile Durkheim (tr.1963).</ref> with legal penalties imposed in some jurisdictions. Most modern societies have legal or social restrictions on closely consanguineous marriages.<ref><i>Kinship, Incest, and the Dictates of Law</i>, by Henry A. Kelly, 14 Am. J. Juris. 69.</ref> However, in some societies, such as that of Ancient Egypt, brother-sister, father-daughter, and mother-son relations were practiced among royalty.<ref>Maurice Godelier, Métamorphoses de la parenté, 2004.</ref><ref>"New Left Review - Jack Goody: The Labyrinth of Kinship". Retrieved on 2007-07-24.</ref> In addition, the Balinese<ref>Bateson, Gregory (2000). <i>Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology</i>. University Of Chicago Press.</ref> and some Inuit tribes<ref>Briggs, Jean (2006). <i>Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family</i>. Harvard University Press.</ref> have altogether different beliefs about what constitutes illegal and immoral incest.


==Genetic risk of inbreeding==
==References==
The genetic deterioration and substandard offspring caused, or facilitated, by incest are well known in animal husbandry. The same phenomenon in European royal families, who even if not closely related had a limited pool of (biologically) related mates to choose from, has also caused degeneration in offspring, as in the seventeenth-century Spanish Hapsburgs. This biological fact is used to stigmatize and criminalize incest, although incest, like other types of sexual intercourse, does not necessarily lead to offspring. When the child has not reached puberty there is no risk.
{{reflist}}


==Adult incest==
==External Links==
Incest between individuals who are both over the [[age of consent]], and which does not lead to reproduction, has become increasingly tolerated in Western countries. It is the subject of several Web sites and has been appearing in pornography more and more frequently since 2010. Prosecutions are rare, and there is an identifiable "pro-incest" movement (although this label is used by those opposed to incest).
*http://www.thefullwiki.org/Incest
 
==Incest with minors==
Incest between minor siblings is generally ignored, especially if they are close in age. However incest between parent and child is often viewed with the same horror as are other types of sex between adult and child. Its extent is unknown and has not been studied; what is known about it comes from legal cases, in which one or more other adults learn of it and go to the authorities, who categorize it as serious [[child abuse]] and usually see to it that the parent is incarcerated and the family destroyed. However, since it takes place within the family it is shielded from public view. It is assumed that parent-child incest (or sometimes more accurately child-parent incest, since there are many documented cases in which the child is the initiator) is and has always been far more common than the public realizes, but this is speculative.
 
There are arguments to be made for adult-child incest, as long as it is loving and not abusive. Parents are the child's natural teachers: they teach the child to talk, to walk, in some cases to read, and so on. A loving parent is arguably the best person to teach a child about sex, and to pleasure the child (as opposed to censored "[[sex education]]" classes, peer gossip, pornography, or simply letting the child figure out sex with a peer as best he or she can). Certainly the parent has the easiest access. Some parents openly have sex or even make a point of having sex in front of their children, who, once they understand what is happening, are invited to join them in bed, or in front of the camera. Dads are arguably the best people to teach their sons about the joys of gay sex. Despite society's disapproval and the need for secrecy, incestuous families can have a lot of fun, giving the child a much happier childhood.


[[Category:Sexuality and age]]
[[Category:Sexuality and age]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]

Latest revision as of 23:57, 31 May 2018

Incest is any sexual activity between close relatives (often within the immediate family), irrespective of the ages of the participants and their consent, that is illegal, socially taboo or contrary to a religious norm. The type of sexual activity and the nature of the relationship between people that constitutes a breach of law or social taboo vary with culture and jurisdiction. Some societies consider it to include only those who live in the same household, or who belong to the same clan or lineage; other societies consider it to include "blood relatives"; other societies further include those related by adoption or marriage.[1] Prevalence is difficult to generalize, but research has estimated 10-15% of the general population as having at least one incest experience, with less than 2% involving intercourse or attempted intercourse.[2]

Most societies have prohibitions against incest.[3][4] The incest taboo is and has been one of the most common of all cultural taboos, both in current nations and many past societies,[5] with legal penalties imposed in some jurisdictions. Most modern societies have legal or social restrictions on closely consanguineous marriages.[6] However, in some societies, such as that of Ancient Egypt, brother-sister, father-daughter, and mother-son relations were practiced among royalty.[7][8] In addition, the Balinese[9] and some Inuit tribes[10] have altogether different beliefs about what constitutes illegal and immoral incest.

References

  1. ↑ Elementary Structures Of Kinship, by Claude Lévi-Strauss. (tr.1971).
  2. ↑ Nemeroff, Charles B.; Craighead, W. Edward (2001). The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science . New York: Wiley.
  3. ↑ Brown, Donald E., Human Universals. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991, p. 118-29.
  4. ↑ Turner, Jeffrey S. (1996). Encyclopedia of Relationships Across the Lifespan. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. p92.
  5. ↑ Incest: The Nature and Origin of the Taboo, by Emile Durkheim (tr.1963).
  6. ↑ Kinship, Incest, and the Dictates of Law, by Henry A. Kelly, 14 Am. J. Juris. 69.
  7. ↑ Maurice Godelier, Métamorphoses de la parenté, 2004.
  8. ↑ "New Left Review - Jack Goody: The Labyrinth of Kinship". Retrieved on 2007-07-24.
  9. ↑ Bateson, Gregory (2000). Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. University Of Chicago Press.
  10. ↑ Briggs, Jean (2006). Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family. Harvard University Press.

External Links

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