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==Stefan George and Maximilian Kronberger==
==Stefan George and Maximilian Kronberger==
[[File:536px-Maximilian Kronberger (1888-1904).JPG|thumb|200 px|Maximilian Kronberger]]
[[File:536px-Maximilian Kronberger (1888-1904).JPG|thumb|200 px|Maximilian Kronberger]]
George's "[[pederasty]]"<ref>Robert E. Norton, ''Secret Germany: Stefan George and his Circle'' (Cornell University Press, 2002) page 354</ref> is reflected in works such as ''Algabal'' and the love poetry he devoted to a gifted adolescent of his acquaintance named '''Maximilian Kronberger''' (April 15, 1888 — April 16, 1904),<ref name="glbtq">{{citation |url= |last=Palmer |first=Craig B. |title=George, Stefan |periodical=glbtq.com |year=2002 |accessdate=2007-11-23}}.</ref> whom he called "Maximin", and whom he identified as a manifestation of the divine. Maximin was around 14 when he met George.<ref>http://www.johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2014/04/24/maximin-ein-gedenkbuch-by-stefan-george/</ref>  The relevance of George's sexuality to his poetic work has been discussed by contemporary critics, such as Thomas Karlauf and Marita Keilson-Lauritz.<ref>See for example, Marita Keilson-Lauritz, "Ubergeschlechtliche Liebe: Stefan George's Concept of Love" (Rieckmann, ed ''A Companion to the Works of Stefan George'' (Camden House, 2005)</ref>
George's "[[pederasty]]"<ref>Robert E. Norton, ''Secret Germany: Stefan George and his Circle'' (Cornell University Press, 2002) page 354</ref> is reflected in works such as ''Algabal'' and the love poetry he devoted to a gifted adolescent of his acquaintance named '''Maximilian Kronberger''' (April 15, 1888 — April 16, 1904),<ref name="glbtq">{{citation |url= |last=Palmer |first=Craig B. |title=George, Stefan |periodical=glbtq.com |year=2002 |accessdate=2007-11-23}}.</ref> whom he called "Maximin", and whom he identified as a manifestation of the divine. Maximin was around 14 when he met George.<ref>[http://www.johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2014/04/24/maximin-ein-gedenkbuch-by-stefan-george/ Maximin: Ein Gedenkbuch]</ref>  The relevance of George's sexuality to his poetic work has been discussed by contemporary critics, such as Thomas Karlauf and Marita Keilson-Lauritz.<ref>See for example, Marita Keilson-Lauritz, "Ubergeschlechtliche Liebe: Stefan George's Concept of Love" (Rieckmann, ed ''A Companion to the Works of Stefan George'' (Camden House, 2005)</ref>


Maximin came to the attention of Stefan George in Munich in 1903 (according to some sources, in March 1902; others cite 1901 as the date of their original meeting); Maximin  died unexpectedly of meningitis, on the day after his 16th birthday.  He was "idealized [by George] to the point of proclaiming him a god, following his death... the cult of 'Maximin' became an integral part of the George circle’s practice…" <ref name=Fernbach>David Fernbach, 'Prophet&#8209;pariah', ''New Left Review'', vol.&nbsp;18 (November&ndash;December 2002).</ref>  The ''Maximin-Erlebnis'' certainly provided George with inspiration for his work in subsequent years.
Maximin came to the attention of Stefan George in Munich in 1903 (according to some sources, in March 1902; others cite 1901 as the date of their original meeting); Maximin  died unexpectedly of meningitis, on the day after his 16th birthday.  He was "idealized [by George] to the point of proclaiming him a god, following his death... the cult of 'Maximin' became an integral part of the George circle’s practice…" <ref name=Fernbach>David Fernbach, 'Prophet&#8209;pariah', ''New Left Review'', vol.&nbsp;18 (November&ndash;December 2002).</ref>  The ''Maximin-Erlebnis'' certainly provided George with inspiration for his work in subsequent years.
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in poetry" article (except for ''Tage und Taten'', a prose work):
 
* [[1890 in poetry|1890]]: ''Hymnen'' ("Hymns"), 18 poems written reflecting Symbolism; dedicated to Carl August Klein; limited, private edition<ref name=sgewb>Stefan George, ''Poems'', Trans. & Ed. Carol North Valhope and Ernst Morwitz. (New York: Pantheon, 1946).</ref>
* 1890: ''Hymnen'' ("Hymns"), 18 poems written reflecting Symbolism; dedicated to Carl August Klein; limited, private edition<ref name=sgewb>Stefan George, ''Poems'', Trans. & Ed. Carol North Valhope and Ernst Morwitz. (New York: Pantheon, 1946).</ref>
* [[1891 in poetry|1891]]: ''Pilgerfahrten'' ("Pilgrimages") limited, private edition<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1891: ''Pilgerfahrten'' ("Pilgrimages") limited, private edition<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1892 in poetry|1892]]: ''Algabal'' (1892); illustrated by Melchior Lechter; limited, private edition<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1892: ''Algabal'' (1892); illustrated by Melchior Lechter; limited, private edition<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1897 in poetry|1897]]: ''Das Jahr der Seele'' ("The Year of the Soul")<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1897: ''Das Jahr der Seele'' ("The Year of the Soul")<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1899 in poetry|1899]]: ''Teppich des Lebens'' ("The Tapestry of Life")<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1899: ''Teppich des Lebens'' ("The Tapestry of Life")<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1900 in poetry|1900]]: ''Hymnen, Pilgerfahrten, and Algabal'', a one-volume edition published in Berlin by Georg Bondi which first made George's work available to the public at large<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1900: ''Hymnen, Pilgerfahrten, and Algabal'', a one-volume edition published in Berlin by Georg Bondi which first made George's work available to the public at large<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1901 in poetry|1901]]: ''Die Fibel'' ("Primer"), poems written from 1886-1889<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1901: ''Die Fibel'' ("Primer"), poems written from 1886-1889<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1903 in literature|1903]]: ''Tage und Taten'' ("Days and Works"; cf. [[Works and Days|Hesiod's ''Works and Days'']])<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1903: ''Tage und Taten'' ("Days and Works"; cf. Hesiod's ''Works and Days'')<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1907 in poetry|1907]]: ''Der siebente Ring'' ("The Seventh Ring")<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1907: ''Der siebente Ring'' ("The Seventh Ring")<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1913 in poetry|1913]]: ''Der Stern des Bundes'' ("The Star of the Covenant")<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1913: ''Der Stern des Bundes'' ("The Star of the Covenant")<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1917 in poetry|1917]]: ''Der Krieg'' ("The War")<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1917: ''Der Krieg'' ("The War")<ref name=sgewb/>
* [[1928 in poetry|1928]]: ''Das neue Reich'' ("The Kingdom Come")<ref name=sgewb/>
* 1928: ''Das neue Reich'' ("The Kingdom Come")<ref name=sgewb/>


==Studies==
==Studies==
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==External links==
==External links==
 
*[http://www.johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2014/04/24/maximin-ein-gedenkbuch-by-stefan-george/ Maximin: Ein Gedenkbuch]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_George Stefan George (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Kronberger Maximilian Kronberger (Wikipedia)]
{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Stefan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Stefan}}
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:Twentieth century boylovers]]
[[Category:20th-century boylovers]]
[[Category:Poets]]
[[Category:Poets]]
[[Category:Germany]]
[[Category:German literature]]
[[Category:German people]]

Latest revision as of 18:03, 21 January 2019

Stefan George in 1910

Stefan Anton George (July 12, 1868 - December 4, 1933) was a German poet, editor, and translator.


Stefan George and Maximilian Kronberger

Maximilian Kronberger

George's "pederasty"[1] is reflected in works such as Algabal and the love poetry he devoted to a gifted adolescent of his acquaintance named Maximilian Kronberger (April 15, 1888 — April 16, 1904),[2] whom he called "Maximin", and whom he identified as a manifestation of the divine. Maximin was around 14 when he met George.[3] The relevance of George's sexuality to his poetic work has been discussed by contemporary critics, such as Thomas Karlauf and Marita Keilson-Lauritz.[4]

Maximin came to the attention of Stefan George in Munich in 1903 (according to some sources, in March 1902; others cite 1901 as the date of their original meeting); Maximin died unexpectedly of meningitis, on the day after his 16th birthday. He was "idealized [by George] to the point of proclaiming him a god, following his death... the cult of 'Maximin' became an integral part of the George circle’s practice…" [5] The Maximin-Erlebnis certainly provided George with inspiration for his work in subsequent years.

Thirty-three of Kronberger’s poems are included in the posthumously published collective volume, Maximin: Ein Gedenkbuch (now a rare book).[6]

Bibliography

  • 1890: Hymnen ("Hymns"), 18 poems written reflecting Symbolism; dedicated to Carl August Klein; limited, private edition[7]
  • 1891: Pilgerfahrten ("Pilgrimages") limited, private edition[7]
  • 1892: Algabal (1892); illustrated by Melchior Lechter; limited, private edition[7]
  • 1897: Das Jahr der Seele ("The Year of the Soul")[7]
  • 1899: Teppich des Lebens ("The Tapestry of Life")[7]
  • 1900: Hymnen, Pilgerfahrten, and Algabal, a one-volume edition published in Berlin by Georg Bondi which first made George's work available to the public at large[7]
  • 1901: Die Fibel ("Primer"), poems written from 1886-1889[7]
  • 1903: Tage und Taten ("Days and Works"; cf. Hesiod's Works and Days)[7]
  • 1907: Der siebente Ring ("The Seventh Ring")[7]
  • 1913: Der Stern des Bundes ("The Star of the Covenant")[7]
  • 1917: Der Krieg ("The War")[7]
  • 1928: Das neue Reich ("The Kingdom Come")[7]

Studies

  • Breuer, Stefan (1996). Ästhetischer Fundamentalismus: Stefan George und der deutsche Antimodernismus. Darmstadt: Primus.
  • Capetanakis, D., 'Stefan George', in Demetrios Capetanakis A Greek Poet In England (1947), p. 72-89
  • Frank, Lore & Sabine Ribbeck (2000). Stefan-George-Bibliographie 1976-1997. Mit Nachträgen bis 1976. Auf der Grundlage der Bestände des Stefan-George-Archivs in der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
  • Goldsmith, Ulrich (1951). Stefan George and the theatre. New York: The Modern Language Association (PLMA Publications LXVI:2).
  • Goldsmith, Ulrich (1959). Stefan George: A study of his early work. Boulder: University of Colorado Press (University of Colorado Studies Series in Language and Literature 7).
  • Goldsmith, Ulrich (1970). Stefan George. New York: Columbia University Press (Essays on Modern Writers).
  • Goldsmith, Ulrich (1974). Shakespeare and Stefan George: The sonnets. Berne: Franke.
  • Kluncker, Karlhans (1985). "Das geheime Deutschland": Über Stefan George und seinen Kreis. Bonn: Bouvier (Abhandlungen zur Kunst-, Musik- und Literaturwissenschaft 355).
  • Norton, Robert E. (2002). Secret Germany: Stefan George and his Circle. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Schmitz, Victor (1978). Stefan George und Rainer Maria Rilke: Gestaltung und Verinnerlichung. Berne: Wild.
  • Rieckmann, Jens (ed.) (2005). A Companion to the Works of Stefan George. Camden House.
  • Lacchin, Giancarlo (2006). Stefan George e l'antichità. Lineamenti di una filosofia dell'arte. Lugano: University Words.
  • Schefold, Bertram. (2011). Politische Ökonomie als Geisteswissenschaft. Edgar Salin und andere Ökonomen um Stefan George, in Studien zur Entwicklung der ökonomischen Theorie, XXVI. Edited by Harald Hagemann, Duncker & Humblot

References

  1. Robert E. Norton, Secret Germany: Stefan George and his Circle (Cornell University Press, 2002) page 354
  2. Palmer, Craig B. (2002), "George, Stefan", glbtq.com .
  3. Maximin: Ein Gedenkbuch
  4. See for example, Marita Keilson-Lauritz, "Ubergeschlechtliche Liebe: Stefan George's Concept of Love" (Rieckmann, ed A Companion to the Works of Stefan George (Camden House, 2005)
  5. David Fernbach, 'Prophet‑pariah', New Left Review, vol. 18 (November–December 2002).
  6. Stefan George, comp., Maximin: Ein Gedenkbuch , with illustrations (Ausschmueckung) by Melchior Lechter (Berlin, Blätter für die Kunst, 1907); includes a portrait photograph of Maximin taken by Stefan George; limited edition of 200 numbered copies (to be consulted at Yale University’s Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library in New Haven, Connecticut).
  7. 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Stefan George, Poems, Trans. & Ed. Carol North Valhope and Ernst Morwitz. (New York: Pantheon, 1946).

External links